Methodological approaches to understanding the essence of humanism in the context of world philosophical ideas

Аңдатпа

This study examines the methodological approaches to understanding the essence of humanism within the context of world philosophical ideas. The relevance of the research is determined by contemporary global transformations, including digitalization, technological development, and value-based crises, which intensify the need for a renewed philosophical interpretation of the human being, dignity, freedom, and responsibility. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the main methodological approaches to interpreting the essence of humanism in the context of world philosophical thought and to determine their theoretical significance in contemporary humanitarian discourse. During the course of the research, a comparative analysis of classical and contemporary scholarly works from Western and Eastern philosophical traditions devoted to the problem of humanism was conducted. The study also employs conceptual and socio-philosophical interpretation to reveal the ontological, ethical, and cultural dimensions of humanism. The findings demonstrate that humanism is a multidimensional philosophical phenomenon that cannot be reduced solely to anthropocentrism. The study reveals that Western philosophical traditions emphasize autonomy and individual freedom, whereas Eastern traditions focus on moral harmony, communal responsibility, and spiritual order. It is argued that the core principle uniting various interpretations of humanism is the recognition of human dignity and the value of the individual. The research also shows that contemporary challenges such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and digital culture require a reinterpretation of humanistic values. The originality of the study lies in its comprehensive methodological interpretation of humanism as a universal yet culturally diverse philosophical paradigm integrating anthropocentric, cosmocentric, theocentric, and posthumanist perspectives.

Keywords: humanism, philosophical anthropology, methodology, human dignity, world philosophy